Decentralisation Without Disintegration: A Pathway to True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria

Decentralisation Without Disintegration: A Pathway to True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria

This essay argues that Nigeria's current federal structure is fundamentally flawed, operating more like a unitary system. It calls for urgent decentralisation of power from the central government to the federating states to foster efficiency, accountability, and equity in governance.

The author highlights that restructuring is often mischaracterised, particularly by northern elites, as a southern plot to fragment the nation. In reality, restructuring is a necessary reform to correct long-standing imbalances and foster national unity. Drawing parallels with the dismantling of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, the essay shows that decentralisation can prevent collapse and encourage local development.

Historically, Nigeria’s federalism was distorted by political figures like Sir Ahmadu Bello and later entrenched by successive military regimes. These distortions created a system where the centre holds disproportionate power, resulting in inefficiency, corruption, and regional dependency on federal allocations.

Citing the views of respected figures such as Wole Soyinka, Babatunde Fashola, Rotimi Amaechi, and Nasir El-Rufai, the essay reinforces the case for devolution of power. These leaders, across regions and political lines, have previously endorsed true federalism and resource control—even if they are now publicly silent.

Key Recommendations:

Decentralisation of Powers: Shift key responsibilities such as policing, resource management, and infrastructure from the federal government to the states.

State Police: Establish state-controlled police forces, with federal units focused on national security and federal assets.

Resource Control: Grant states control over onshore mineral resources within their territories, while offshore deposits remain federally managed. Encourage PPPs and FDI for exploration.

Constitutional Reform: Realign Nigeria’s governance with the principles of the 1963 Republican Constitution, allowing each region to develop according to its potential.

The essay concludes that Nigeria's leadership crisis is a structural problem. By fixing the structure through decentralisation, the country can reduce tensions, encourage healthy competition among states, and reclaim the promise of federalism envisioned by its founders.